Abstract
Given the persistent exposure of corruption through whistleblowing in South African universities, this study is both timely and relevant. It aims to develop effective strategies for strengthening whistleblowing systems in higher education institutions, aligned with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16, which promotes peace, justice, and strong institutions. Whistleblowing is recognised as a vital mechanism for enhancing transparency, ethical governance, and institutional accountability.
While previous research has examined the motives behind whistleblowing in South African universities, limited attention has been given to its potential contribution to achieving SDG 16. This study addresses that gap by proposing a conceptual framework that integrates whistleblowing practices with the targets of SDG 16. Guided by institutional theory, the study employs a qualitative research design to explore the meanings and lived experiences of university employees. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten participants, and the data were analysed thematically.
The findings indicate that a strong ethical climate encourages employees to report misconduct, while well-established institutional mechanisms enhance both the legitimacy and safety of such disclosures. Participants emphasised that transparency, accountability, moral leadership, and consistency in applying rules are central to building strong institutions. However, the study also found varying levels of awareness regarding the university’s formal whistleblowing systems and reporting procedures, which sometimes created uncertainty about how to act when misconduct occurs.
The study concludes that promoting whistleblowing within universities offers a practical pathway to advancing SDG 16. It recommends enhancing awareness, training, and institutional support for whistleblowers and calls for future mixed-methods research to test and refine the proposed framework across diverse institutional and cultural contexts. Strengthening whistleblowing mechanisms can enhance greater integrity, trust, and accountability within higher education institutions.