Abstract
Advances in technologies in the Fourth Industrial Revolution have seen schools include robotics and coding in the existing curricula, requiring teachers to reconsider their teaching and learning methodologies for incorporating new information into existing curricula. Collaborative Learning, as one of these strategies, require learners to work together, using the resources made available to jointly solve problems. Using unfamiliar technology in Collaborative Learning activities such as robotics, adds complexity to learners' learning in smaller groups. The aim of the study was to determine the nature of collaboration in Grade 6 Natural Science and Technology group projects that include robotics technologies. This study is informed by the Computer-Supportive Collaborative Learning as a conceptual framework, where learners can interact and engage in smaller groups using technology such as robotics as mediating tools. Following a qualitative research design, 40 leaners participated in groups of 5 to complete collaborative project-based learning tasks. Each of these sessions were observed and video recorded. Seven teachers were purposively sampled from four participating schools and participated in semi-structured interviews to capture their observations of learner collaboration in Natural Science and Technology Gr 6 classes. Findings indicate that collaboration was typified by high energy, where learners use physical gestures and freely show their emotions when working on projects-based tasks. Learners engaged effectively in verbal interactions as they brainstorm ideas to raise innovative ideas while engaging in active discussions. They remained focused and are more willing to share ideas to support those that were struggling. A clear division of labour emerged early in the task with a team leader that naturally assumed responsibility for keeping the task on track. As such, this study underscores the importance of incorporating robotics technology into learners' group projects to increase their understanding of subject knowledge and allow opportunities to develop 21st-century skills.
Keywords:
Collaborative learning, project-based learning, 21st Century skills, robotics and coding, robotics kits.