Abstract
Little is known about the substance use habits of adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. First-hand accounts of autistic adults who use substances are important to allow them to explain their thoughts and experiences from their perspective. Six autistic adults from South Africa were recruited with either a pattern of current or past substance use. Semi-structured interviews were conducted around their experiences and motivations for substance use. Five themes were identified: family dynamics and developmental environment, trying to become socially acceptable, navigating and coping in an obscure world, exploration of the self and seeking help and support. It was found that motivations for substance use shifted throughout different life stages. Substance use was historically concluded as rare in this population, especially due to challenges with socialising. In this study, substances were first introduced in a social setting during adolescence or early adulthood and aided in social confidence and peer conformity, however substances were used alone later in life to escape, self-medicate or aid in self-actualisation. This study further highlights the negative impacts of a difficult childhood, late ASD diagnosis, comorbid conditions, and an unaccommodating society. Exploring why autistic adults use substances, including the types of substances they use provides researchers, clinicians, and relative stakeholders with an enhanced knowledge assist those who struggle with substance misuse. Keywords Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD; Substance Use Disorder; SUD; Substance Use; Drug use; Alcohol use; The Motivational Model of Alcohol Use; Coping Mechanisms; Qualitative Thematic Analysis; Conformity; Social Motives; Substance use treatment.
M.A. (Psychology)