Abstract
This study examines the intersection of gender equality and technology, focusing on the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in South Africa during President Ramaphosa's first administration (2019–2023). It explores how gender and 4IR are linked, emphasising the political and economic dimensions of gender equality within technological access and leadership. The study found that policies and legal frameworks aimed at promoting gender equality were strengthened during this period and aligned with South Africa's constitutional commitments. Technology's role in bridging and reinforcing gender disparities is analysed, particularly considering the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated the need for 4IR skills.
Using qualitative methods and primary and secondary data, the research identifies the critical 4IR skills required for South Africans to remain competitive in the evolving market, highlighting the collaboration between the government and private sectors. The Feminist Theory of Technology is applied to critique the underrepresentation of women in technology, especially in leadership, STEM and ICT sectors. Although 4IR skills are not gendered, access to these skills and positions of power within the industry remain skewed, with men dominating managerial roles. The study concludes that empowering women and providing them with more opportunities in 4IR is essential. It calls for future research to assess the exact participation rates of men and women in 4IR-related fields. It also critically examines how gender equality policies can be better implemented within institutions offering STEM education and employment.