Abstract
The Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) is integral to the sensory innervation of the posterior scalp. It is associated with occipital neuralgia, a disorder marked by intense pain in the occipital region. Accurate knowledge of the GON's anatomical pathway in relation to nearby structures is vital for accurate diagnosis and treatment of occipital neuralgia. While prior research has examined GON anatomy in diverse populations, there is a scarcity of studies focusing on South African individuals, which has motivated this investigation.
AIM:
The objective of this research was to examine the anatomical pathway and variations of the Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) in a South African cadaver population. The study focused on the nerve's relationship to skeletal and muscular reference points, with particular emphasis on the potential clinical relevance for identifying and managing occipital neuralgia.
METHODOLOGY:
The research employed anatomical examination of 20 deceased adult subjects, equally distributed between males and females, acquired through a body donation initiative. The Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) of each cadaver was meticulously examined on both sides, with measurements recorded from its origin at the C2 dorsal ramus, through surrounding musculature, and in relation to specific anatomical markers like the occipital protuberance and mastoid process. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate differences based on laterality and gender, while morphometric data were gathered to identify anatomical trends.
RESULTS:
The Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) was found to consistently emerge from the dorsal ramus of the C2 spinal nerve. Researchers identified three primary routes in relation to the inferior oblique muscle and three patterns of emergence through the trapezius muscle or its aponeurosis. Statistical evaluation revealed no significant variations in the nerve's diameter or path when comparing the left and the right sides or between male and female specimens. However, minor differences were observed in the distance to the mastoid process. These observations underscore the overall anatomical consistency of the GON's route, potentially facilitating standardized approaches for interventions involving the GON.