Abstract
The objective of this technical report is to investigate how the empowerment of women in the cannabis value chain can be used to drive local development while overcoming existing constraints. The South African National Framework for Local Economic Development (NFLED) encourages a diverse economy for sustained growth. The cannabis industry in South Africa presents a significant opportunity for economic growth, and it is critical to approach this industry carefully to ensure broad participation in the cannabis value chain. Changing regulations surrounding cannabis in South Africa directly influences policies that promote gender equality, foster sustainable consumption and production patterns and drive economic inclusion. Hence, women empowerment is essential as this industry may promote social justice and economic freedom. This technical report employs a grounded qualitative methodology, integrating a gender-responsive approach, the capability approach, and feminist methodologies to advance social justice and equity. When developing policies using these integrated frameworks, policy makers can assess not just the economic outcome but also how those outcomes affect individuals’ capabilities across genders.
Findings revealed that in South Africa, the Indigenous knowledge that drives the cannabis industry is primarily shaped by women. Prominent women in the South African marijuana industry are currently shaping the sector`s evolution through advocacy, leadership, and innovation. Moreover, women participate in various roles in terms of job creation and community development. However, Black women in marijuana cultivation endure persistent barriers restricting them from full participation and advancement. It is critical for the South African government to address risks associated with cannabis decriminalisation and the exploitation of historically marginalised traders by affluent commercial interests. Policy makers and industry stakeholders can benefit from integrating women`s contribution to enhance economic growth while addressing gender issues in the South African cannabis sector. Education policies can be evaluated not only for their cost effectiveness but also for their impact on Indigenous women`s access to education and subsequent opportunities in the labour market. Local governments need to collaborate with stakeholders in the cannabis industry including research institutions and professionals to gain a deeper understanding of the sector’s operations and effectively manage it for economic growth and development, while ensuring sustainability in alignment with the 2030 Agenda and beyond.