Abstract
The post-apartheid South African government recognised the importance of promoting peace in Africa, understanding that its development is linked to that of neighbouring states. This study explores South Africa’s role in post-conflict peacebuilding, specifically its Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development (PCRD) efforts in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The DRC, affected by protracted conflict since 1997, presents complex challenges for peacebuilding and development. South Africa’s PCRD approach, encompassing government, civil society, and non-governmental contributions, has focused on creating a stable political and social environment. Using qualitative research and interviews, this study draws from Liberal Peace theory, Complexity theory, and the concept of the African Renaissance. Liberal Peace theory emphasises democratic governance, market economies, and robust institutions as key to stability, while Complexity theory acknowledges the non-linear, adaptive nature of conflict resolution. African Renaissance adds that peacebuilding should consider African cultural heritage and local contexts.
Findings indicate that South Africa’s PCRD approach has aided in establishing a ‘liberal state’ in the DRC, leading to successive elections, increased media freedom, and a more active civil society. However, peace remains fragile due to unresolved violence, poverty, and inequality, especially in the eastern DRC. While South Africa has laid foundational elements for sustainable peace, the benefits of individual freedoms and economic stability have yet to reach ordinary citizens fully. The study suggests that South Africa may need to reengage and adapt its peacebuilding strategies to better support the social contract within the DRC. This research adds to the literature by offering insights into South Africa’s nuanced, cross-sectoral approach to peacebuilding in the DRC from 2002 to 2020.