Abstract
M.A.
The aim of this study was to ascertain which variables affect and influence women
when making choices in unplanned pregnancy. In addition, to determine if there
were any significant differences between the pregnancy and termination of
pregnancy (TOP) group, indicating a specific profile for the respective group.
Comparatively little research has been conducted on unplanned pregnancy and
abortion within South Africa, as compared with international studies. Future longterm
studies are recommended.
The research conducted was of a quantitative quasi-experimental research
design, wherein the researcher compared the following variables between the two
groups: Biographic/demographic data, Personality Styles, perceived Family
Environments and Coping Resources. Subjects were not randomly assigned, but
selected by the nursing staff and researcher.
Statistical analysis reflected that the two groups differed significantly on four
variables. The majority of women in the TOP group were found to be the sole
earners within their families. Conversely, women in the pregnancy group had more
financial resources and lower levels of employment. A lack of sufficient finances
was shown to be the strongest determining factor for those electing abortions. A
compounding factor, were the nature of the relationships from where conception
arose, 71% of the women who elected abortion described difficulties with the partnerin-
conception. These included poor relationships due to excessive drinking, extramarital
affairs, disinterest in the pregnancy, subsequent abandonment and divorce.
Although the two groups had similar profiles in terms of the religious variable, many
of the women who elected to remain pregnant, cited religion and/or their beliefs as
the primary reason for continuing their pregnancies. In contrast, the TOP group
reported a higher level of conflict within their family of origin, compared to the
pregnancy group.
IV
No underlying pathology was found to exist in the group electing terminations, with
both groups presenting similar personality styles. The two groups were also found to
use comparable coping skills and resources.
This research indicates, that most of the women experiencing an unplanned
pregnancy based their decisions to abort on external variables; such as their
relationships, financial position and religious beliefs. Studies indicate that these
women are more likely to experience deleterious consequences, than those who
make this decision based on their own personal needs. Many of these women made
their decisions based on limitations not preference. This study may be considered to
show important findings, as it reflects the need for effective pre- and post-abortion
intervention/counselling services, which should be easily accessible to the public.
The psychological well-being of the individual is critical for the overall well-being of
the community, and ultimately therefore, society.