Abstract
As the demand for solar cells gradually rises, technology related to their creation continues to expand, the limitations of efficiency style, the big issues of material composition, doping concentration, and temperature are all those factors illustrated as the fundamental drawback that have limited the widespread commercialization of solar cells. The tandem GaInP and GaAs solar cell structure comprises a window, an emitter, a base layer, a back surface field, and a substrate. In this research, the performance of tandem Gallium Indium Phosphide (GaInp )and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) solar cells was analyzed with numerical simulation using SCAP-1D. The design was characterized by parameters such as thicknesses, and doping levels, of each sub-cell, which were adjusted to establish the ideal conditions for optimal efficiency of each cell. The first method design follows separate simulation criteria and analyzes the effect of short current passing through the top and bottom cells using the analytic approach. The spectrum on the top cell, considered a filter for the bottom cells, was calculated as well as the tandem efficiency. The second method was to design a script file and then use it to analyze the tandem solar cells. The temperature was also tested at 275K, 300K, 325K, 350K, 375K, and 400 K while maintaining all other parameters constant. The results of these design variations achieved an efficiency of 35 % for the first method and 36.89 % for the second. The robustness of our model is demonstrated by the high agreement between the outcome of our model and the experimental data that have previously been published. After these results were obtained, the thickness effect was analyzed under various doping concentrations, followed by the impact of temperature variation. The development of doping concentration and temperature variation at a constant thickness was studied for the base layer and on the back surface field. Using the top (GaInp) cell as a reference point, the thicknesses were varied from 4 μm to 1μm at optimum while changing the doping concentration level in the top cell from 1014 cm-3 to 10 16 cm-3 with the base layer in optimum condition at 1019 cm-3 started to decrease, efficiency decreased. For the bottom cell, 2014 cm-3 to 2017 cm-3 at a high level of doping 2017 cm-3 optimum efficiency was achieved, while in the back surface field, varying the doping density from scale 2014 cm-3 to scale 2019 cm-3 resulted in a 0.9% increase in efficiency. The impact of changing the design parameters on solar cell performance in this wide temperature range was also reported. The ideal result of these design variations is that at least one design parameter that doesn't decrease is the short current. However, when the temperature increases, the efficiency drops as well as the voltage and fill factor. This research work has presented an excellent method for solving experimental challenges through numerical simulation at
lower costs, the shortest possible time, and the conservation of resources. Furthermore, this study contributes to the body of knowledge in the fabrication of highly efficient tandem solar cells.