Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between nutritional knowledge and fast-food consumption patterns of adults in Johannesburg. The study, conducted within the framework of public health and nutrition literacy, sought to explore the extent to which knowledge and information influence adults’ dietary choices, particularly in South African contexts where fast-food availability and consumption are high. The study employed a quantitative research design, with a structured questionnaire developed and pilot-tested to verify validity and reliability. A total of two hundred and eleven participants from Johannesburg’s Regions B, C, F and G were chosen, representing a varied range of socio-economic backgrounds. To increase participation, data was collected in person as well as online. The dataset was thoroughly cleaned and analysed with IBM SPSS Software version 29, which included descriptive statistical tests to investigate the significance of the relationship between nutrition knowledge and fast-food consumption patterns. The results indicated an insignificant correlation between nutrition knowledge and fast-food consumption patterns, implying that knowledge of nutrition alone may not be an adequate determinant of dietary behaviour in this demographic area. The findings emphasize the complexity of dietary decision-making, which is frequently influenced by additional factors such as cultural preferences, income, accessibility and time constraints. Based on these findings, the study highlights that, while enhancing nutrition literacy is helpful, it is insufficient to cause sufficient changes in fast-food consumption. It therefore advocates a comprehensive, multi-dimensional approach that encompasses not only nutrition education but also socio-economic factors, behavioural change tactics and environmental changes to more effectively address dietary behaviours. The study highlights the significance of integrating nutrition knowledge with comprehensive public health policies that address larger determinants of fast-food consumption. Recommendations included targeted interventions at communities and policy levels, such as affordable, healthy options, behavioural interventions and environmental changes that encourage healthier eating habits.