Abstract
The vector-borne disease Malaria continues to be a tremendous global health problem, impacting
an increasing number of people annually, particularly those who reside in the Sub-Saharan
Africa and tropical regions. Although antimalarial drugs were the best control measures in
combating the spread of this disease, the development of malaria drug-resistance gave rise to
high malaria incidence and mortality rates. This study used a mathematical model to give
insights on the transmission dynamics of malaria incorporating the evolution of drug resistance
and the effectiveness of treatment. We developed a compartmental model that involved
the human and mosquito populations, incorporating elements such as treatment and treatmentresistance.
We studied and analyzed the existence and stability of the disease-free and endemic
equilibrium points, with stability assessed through threshold parameter the effective reproduction
number (Re f f ). It was shown that the disease-free equilibrium point was stable whenRe f f
was less than unity and unstable otherwise. The stability of the endemic equilibrium point was
assessed using Center-Manifold Theory and it was stable when Re f f > 1. Numerical findings
showed that the treatment rate and treatment resistant rate were the most sensitive parameters
influencing the transmission of malaria. Case scenario analysis indicated that reducing malaria
incidences entailed an increase in antimalarial drugs administration. The results indicated that
the best case scenario on reducing the spread of malaria was to increase treatment rate and
reducing the treatment-resistant rate while the worst case scenario was to reduce treatment rate
and increasing treatment failure. This showed the significance of advancing antimalarial drugs
with low drug-resistance in order to control the spread of malaria.