Abstract
Community health workers (CHWs) cover extensive areas of both formal and informal neighbourhoods and observe the environmental conditions in which community members live. However, current CHW training modules do not have modules focusing specifically on environmental health. CHWs appear to lack knowledge of environmental health hazards, and little is known of their attitudes and practices regarding environmental health hazards.
The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of CHWs in relation to environmental health hazards in the Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB). The study used a quantitative, cross-sectional research design. The population consisted of approximately N=364 CHWs and a sample of 110 respondents completed the questionnaire. Sample size was determined using Epi Info with a 95% confidence level. Data analysis was conducted using Statistica and consisted primarily of descriptive statistics. Reliability was enhanced by utilising a pilot study, and validity was strengthened by allowing experts in the field of environmental health to review the questionnaire.
The results showed that half of the respondents were not aware of indoor air pollution 50% (n=55). Such pollution is strongly associated with respiratory conditions, especially among small children and can lead to pneumonia. Altogether 62% (n=67) CHWs felt they needed additional training in environmental health, suggesting that the CHWs are aware of their lack of knowledge and understanding of environmental health hazards. It appears that the dangers of mould and damp are not of equal concern to all CHWs, and this is problematic as these also are associated with respiratory conditions, allergens and they also exacerbate critical conditions such as asthma.
There is a need for CHWs to receive specific training in environmental health. There also appears to be a need to develop the relationship between CHWs and EHPs and to further explore the scope of work of CHWs in relation to environmental health. Hence, additional research that involves focus group discussions could enhance our understanding of the role of CHWs in relation to environmental health.
Keywords: Knowledge, attitudes, practices, community health workers, environmental health hazards, Nelson Mandela Bay