Abstract
Youth pregnancy among university students in South Africa represents a critical public health and socio-educational challenge with far-reaching implications. This quantitative cross-sectional study, conducted at the University of Johannesburg with 380 participants aged 18 to 25, investigated the multifaceted factors influencing youth pregnancy. Guided by the Health Belief Model, the research explored socio-demographic variables, sexual behaviors, contraceptive knowledge and misconceptions, access to healthcare, substance use, and socio-cultural influences.
Despite government efforts to introduce contraceptives and other preventive measures, the rate of pregnancies among students in higher education institutions continues to rise. As a result, the study examined the factors influencing youth pregnancies among students in tertiary settings. Statistical methods, including regression analysis and correlation assessments, were used to identify patterns and relationships between these factors and the likelihood of youth pregnancy. The study also looked at differences in youth pregnancy rates across various subgroups within the university student population.
Findings revealed a high pregnancy prevalence of 71.3%, with significant links to gender, age, academic level, relationship status, and living arrangements. Despite the availability of contraceptives, inconsistent use and widespread misconceptions, especially about weight gain and fertility effects, were major barriers to pregnancy prevention. Substance abuse and difficulties in accessing healthcare further increased vulnerability. Motivators for contraceptive use included personal experiences and health campaigns, while self-efficacy in using contraceptives and partner communication varied among students.
The study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive, culturally sensitive sexual health education, better youth-friendly services, and supportive institutional policies to reduce youth pregnancy and promote academic success. These insights can help policymakers and stakeholders develop targeted interventions aligned with Sustainable Development Goals focused on health and gender equality. Ultimately, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing youth pregnancy and to lay the groundwork for effective, context-specific interventions to address this critical issue. It also seeks to guide strategies that empower young people to make responsible decisions about their reproductive health, considering the unique challenges faced by university