Abstract
Urban vulnerability assessment based on remote sensing is critical in aiding land-use development decisions by offering significant spatial data. The lack of research in remotely sense-based urban vulnerability assessment in land-use policies and development decisions has created a gap in understanding the subject. This research investigates how Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technologies can be used to assess the vulnerability of urban areas to natural disasters such as floods, and the benefits of incorporating vulnerability mapping into urban planning. The study focused on the period after 2000-2023 to determine if this incorporation significantly changed Centurion's readiness and ability to withstand environmental disasters. The study relied on a structured Google Earth Engine coding system with Sentinel 1A data to conduct historical analysis. Content analysis of spatial planning policies and disaster management plans were used to assess the extent to which environmental vulnerability is integrated into spatial planning in Centurion. The flood extent and soil type extraction methodology examined how long the City of Tshwane has been vulnerable to floods and sinkholes. The study highlights the significance of disaster risk reduction and management plans, including early warning systems, search protocols, and recovery strategies. It investigates repeated flooding incidents at The Centurion Lake Hotel using comprehensive urban planning regulations, remote sensing, and GIS analysis, producing a land audit, and storm emergency pre-feasibility report. The study's findings indicate that Centurion has been exposed to natural disasters for a longest time, the study demonstrates how GIS and Remote Sensing technologies can help decision-makers understand the complex interactions between urban development and disasters, and provide them with the information they need to create more durable and sustainable communities. It is recommended that the City of Tshwane creates policies and guidelines specifically tailored to address natural disasters like floods and sinkholes in Centurion. To improve preparedness for natural disasters, it is recommended that the City of Tshwane use Artificial Intelligence (AI) disaster warning systems, taking inspiration from effective models like India's early warning systems for floods.