Abstract
M.Phill. (Energy Studies)
The use of traditional biomass fuels in rural households is alarming, as it prevails even among electrified households. Traditional biomass fuels such as firewood have health, economic, and environmental implications that need to be managed to improve household livelihood. Interventions are required to mitigate the use of biomass fuels and help households’ transition to cleaner and sustainable fuels. The aim of this study was to understand the factors influencing the choice of fuel type in households of two of the ten Atok villages in the Limpopo Province and gauge the use of solar photovoltaic as an alternative fuel against the currently used fuels. To achieve the aforementioned, qualitative research methodology was adopted. A random sample of 80 households took part in the survey guided by a questionnaire. Moreover, statistical analyses were conducted to test the relationship between the fuels utilised and factors influencing fuel choice in the area. The study found that electricity, firewood, and candles are the primary fuels used by the community. Additionally, it was ascertained that factors influencing the choice of fuel type include income level, convenience, fuel accessibility, age and level of education of the homeowner, household size, food taste, culture and tradition. Chi-square analyses revealed a statistically significant correlation between age of homeowner and fuel choice, as well as age of homeowner and their dependence on food taste to select a cooking fuel. To determine the most feasible energy fuel (i.e., financially, and economically), a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for electricity, firewood, and solar Photovoltaic (PV) was determined for a period of 20 years (2020 to 2040). Albeit the fact that solar PV has positive social, health, and environmental benefits for the rural households of Atok, the finding reflect it to be the costliest option with LCOE of R4,69 ($0.31)1/kWh. Ultimately, this research provides essential information for energy authorities and policymakers in guiding, developing, and improving policies related to rural energy development.