Abstract
In many informal settlements globally, inadequate access to clean water and proper sanitation constitutes a critical challenge, adversely affecting residents’ health, well-being, and overall quality of life. These communities experience infrastructural deficits, resource limitations, and social barriers that impede effective delivery of basic services. This study investigated strategies to improve access to water and sanitation in the Lerato Park informal settlement, Northern Cape, South Africa. A qualitative research methodology was adopted to gain in-depth insights into the lived experiences of residents regarding water and sanitation services. Non-probability sampling, specifically snowball sampling was used to recruit participants due to the informal and sensitive nature of the community setting. Some participants expressed hesitancy to participate, citing concerns about confidentiality and potential repercussions. Primary data was collected through observations, photographs, semi-structured questionnaires with ten residents, and interviews with two municipal officials yielding a total of twelve responses. The existing academic papers, books, and legislative frameworks were used to collect secondary data. The study was guided by the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and the Human Rights-Based Approach as theoretical frameworks. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the qualitative data, enabling identification of key patterns, perceptions, and challenges emerging from participants responses. The findings revealed significant challenges within the study area, including inadequate infrastructure, irregular service provision, and institutional weaknesses. Participants reported frustration with inconsistent access to clean water and hygienic sanitation facilities. Nevertheless, municipal officials indicated that they are receiving support from Northern Cape Department of Co-operative Governance, Human Settlements and Traditional Affairs (COGHSTA) in the implementation of new water and sewer network infrastructure. The study concluded that the consistent intervention by the Municipality is necessary. The study recommended strategies of deployment of mobile water services, upgrading existing infrastructure, and strengthening institutional capacity to enhance service planning, delivery, and oversight within the informal settlements.