Abstract
Background: Despite progress in reduction of cases and related mortality, malaria is still a formidable global health challenge, associated with more than 200 million cases and up to 650,000 deaths annually. The emerging threats such as resistance to artemisinin-based medication is increasing could derail progress further. Therefore, despite the high access to malaria treatment, its prevention is more paramount, which justifies the need for vector control strategies including long lasting net use, indoor residual spraying and larval source management. The challenge is, however, that despite wide coverage of the vector control strategies, even in developing countries like Uganda, more than 90% of all most malaria cases are still registered there. Objective: To analyse the effect of Ugandan malaria vector control program strategies on vector control in Kapir Sub-County, Ngora district – Teso sub region, Eastern Uganda
Method: This study was cross sectional, conducted in Kapir Sub County, targeting 358 households. Kapir was stratified by parish and random sampling used to sample villages in each parish, following which convenience sampling was used to sample households and household heads purposively sampled. Structured interviews and questionnaires were data collection techniques used, with the data analysed using the SPSS version 25.
Results: The findings of the study showed that use of insecticide treated nets had no significant effect on malaria vector control (Coeff= 0.0876, p = 0.104). When the effect of Indoor Residual Spraying on vector control in Kapir Sub-County was analyzed, there was still no statistically significant effect observed (Coeff= -.0820, p = 0.815). The findings showed that LSM had no statistically significant effect on malaria vector control (Coeff= 0.0277, p = 0.708).
Conclusion: The use of insecticide treated nets has no significant effect on malaria vector control in Kapir sub county, and neither does indoor residue spraying nor larval source management. There wasn’t a significant difference in malaria incidence between households that use any of the three malaria vector control measures and those that did not use them. Therefore, unless additional tools are included as supplementary interventions. Larval source management using chemical or microbial larvicides, combined with environmental management, could be used to improve control, especially in areas of high transmission.