Abstract
The Mine Health and Safety Act 29 of 1996 enforces health and safety protocols in mines, fostering a safety culture among employees. Coal mining plays a crucial role in the economy of the Free State province, yet underground miners are highly vulnerable to occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) due to prolonged exposure to high noise levels. Occupational health aims to safeguard workers' physical, mental, and social well-being, as emphasized by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 1996). Hearing loss is a significant occupational illness that reduces productivity and incurs compensation costs, making it a critical issue in workplace development and public health.
Aims and objectives
This study investigates the factors associated with ONIHL among underground coal miners in the Free State, particularly those aged 18 to 65 with at least one year of experience. Identifying these factors can guide the development of effective OHS programs tailored to underground miners. The study objectives are to:
(a) determine the prevalence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) among underground coal miners in a selected mine in the Free State by conducting audiometric tests during annual medical surveillance within a 12-month study period.
(b) assess the relationship between ONIHL and factors such as age, duration of exposure, and the use of hearing protection devices among underground coal miners in the selected mine, using data collected through structured surveys within the study period.
(c) evaluate the occupational health and safety (OHS) knowledge, awareness, and hearing protection practices of underground coal miners in the Sasolburg mine by administering structured questionnaires and conducting observational assessments over six months.
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Methodology and key findings
Using a quantitative cross-sectional approach, primary data was collected from 94 miners through self-administered questionnaires. Chi-square tests and crosstab analyses were conducted, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Findings indicate that prolonged noise exposure (98%) and sex (98%) were the strongest predictors of ONIHL. Women, primarily working as general laborers, were more affected, while men (98.9%) aged 41-50 were the most exposed. A strong correlation was found between longer working hours (>40 per week) and ONIHL (p=0.000).
Conclusion
The study highlights the need for targeted safety interventions to reduce ONIHL, including work schedule adjustments, improved PPE compliance, and stricter noise zone regulations. Further research is recommended to develop comprehensive prevention strategies.