Abstract
Access to affordable and sustainable energy remains a pressing challenge in many urban communities across South Africa. In response, the government introduced Solar Water Heaters (SWHs) as part of its energy efficiency and poverty alleviation initiatives. However, the actual impact and effectiveness of these systems remain underexplored, particularly in low- to middle-income communities. This study investigates the adoption and socio-economic impact of SWHs within the City of Tshwane (COT), focusing on Kirkney Extension 31 and Soshanguve A. Employing a quantitative case study design, data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential methods, including a paired t-test to compare pre- and post-installation experiences. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 28. The findings reveal significant improvements in energy efficiency and reductions in household utility costs, although challenges related to maintenance, awareness, and user satisfaction persist. The study offers policy and implementation recommendations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of SWH interventions in similar residential settings.