Abstract
Background
The role of healthcare workers (HWs) necessitates their active engagement, placing them in direct interaction with patients. As a result, they face an elevated risk of encountering Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) through occupational exposure. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 2.5% of the global HIV cases stem from occupational exposure among healthcare workers. Proper utilization of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) can substantially mitigate this risk. This study was crucial for advancing the adoption of PEP among healthcare workers.
Objective
To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of HWs regarding HIV PEP at Oshakati Hospital.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 195 HWs in Oshakati hospital from June 2022 to September 2022. A stratified sampling method was used to select participants. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data was analysed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Analysis using descriptive and logistic regression was done to determine any association and a P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results were summarized in frequencies, percentages, and means with standard deviations and presented using tables and figures.
Results
Among the Participants, 102 (52%) of the 195 study participants had adequate knowledge about HIV PEP. Gender, occupation and level of Education were found to be significantly associated with adequate knowledge. Furthermore, 127(66%) of the 195 study participants had a positive attitude towards HIV PEP. Out of the total Participants, 122(63%) had a history of a needlestick injury but only 29(24%) took PEP. Only 17(58%) of the study subjects completed the HIV PEP regimen.
Conclusions
There is lack of knowledge among HWs regarding PEP. The inadequate knowledge results to a negligent attitude and poor practices with regards to PEP. Knowledge affects how the HWs make better, informed decisions with regards to PEP. The hospital management should make sure that PEP guidelines are adhered to. It is crucial for public-health authorities to conduct campaigns to enhance consciousness and adoption of HIV PEP, consequently decreasing the likelihood of HWs acquiring HIV through their occupational activities.