Abstract
This study investigates the economic contributions of crushed stone mining to local economic development (LED) in the Mnquma Local Municipality, a predominantly rural area in the Eastern Cape Province (South Africa) facing persistent challenges of poverty, unemployment, and underdevelopment. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative data from community surveys with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews conducted with municipal officials. The theoretical framework draws on Economic Base Theory and Sustainable Development Theory, incorporating concepts of basic sector analysis, multiplier effects, and triple bottom line sustainability.
Findings reveal that crushed stone mining acts as a catalyst for indirect employment, income generation, business growth, and infrastructure development, though it remains a modest direct employer. The employment and income benefits are unevenly distributed, constrained by limited local beneficiation, skill development gaps, weak regulatory enforcement, and inadequate stakeholder engagement. Environmental degradation and community exclusion emerge as significant concerns, highlighting the tensions between economic gains and sustainable development objectives.
The study underscores the importance of embedding mining activities within inclusive planning frameworks such as Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) and Local Economic Development Strategies to ensure alignment with community priorities. Recommendations include institutionalising participatory governance, enforcing environmental accountability, strengthening local enterprise linkages, and enhancing municipal capacity for mining oversight.
By providing empirical evidence from a rural, resource-dependent context, this research contributes to the discourse on sustainable LED in mining regions. It offers actionable policy and planning insights aimed at maximising mining’s developmental potential while safeguarding social equity and environmental sustainability.