Abstract
Graphene, a material composed of only one layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has unique properties that make it an attractive candidate for various applications. One such application is its use in antenna technology due to its high electron mobility and thermal conductivity. This study examines the use of graphene in the development of antenna oscillators, emphasising its effectiveness at 2.45 GHz and 102.5 GHz frequency ranges. The research evaluates the effectiveness of graphene-based antennas against conventional materials such as copper and aluminium, focussing on parameters such reflection coefficient (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and far-field directivity. The findings indicate that graphene has exceptional performance at higher frequencies owing to its high electron mobility and thermal conductivity. The adjustable conductivity of graphene facilitates effective signal transmission and minimises energy loss, especially at terahertz frequencies, when conventional materials experience greater losses and less efficiency. Furthermore, graphene's flexibility, low weight, and mechanical strength facilitate the production of smaller, more resilient antennas, making it appropriate for next-generation communication systems, including 6G and beyond. Notwithstanding obstacles in large-scale production and integration, the results indicate that graphene-based antennas could revolutionise wireless communication technology by providing superior performance, miniaturisation, and sustainability