Abstract
The introduction of the Zimbabwe Special Dispensation Permit (ZSP) was met with
enthusiasm as migrant Zimbabwean workers anticipated further progress in their
economic lives. The (ZSP) is the successor to a permit issued by the Department of
Home Affairs (DHA) named the Dispensation of Zimbabweans Project (DZP), which
was implemented in April 2009. The ZSP was introduced in 2014 after the expiry of
the (DZP).
It is illegal in South Africa for employers to employ individuals without proper
documentation. Some employers have taken advantage of the illegality of some of the
Zimbabwean migrants by paying them lower wages since these workers cannot
negotiate for better working conditions and remuneration for fear of being exposed to
authorities. This study investigates the impact of the ZSP on migrant Zimbabwean
workers through the lens of decent work. In examining the impact of the ZSP on
attainment of decent work by migrant Zimbabwean workers, this study uses Harvey’s
theory of “the logic of territory and the logic of capital”. The study also uses Standing’s
notion of “the precariat”, to explain the working conditions of the Zimbabwean migrant
workers.
Data was collected through in-depth interviews. A total of eight migrant Zimbabwean
workers were interviewed. Five of the participants were waitrons, one uber driver, one
salon assistant and one social researcher. The findings of this study were that despite
obtaining the ZSP, migrants still find their working conditions precarious. The study
argues that the temporary measure by the South African government to regulate the
stay of migrant Zimbabweans creates a docile workforce continually engaged in
precarious work. The territorial logic covertly supports the capital by creating this
compliant class. Conditions on the ZSP were fashioned in such a way that migrants
are allowed to work and stay in South Africa but would never be able to obtain
permanent citizenship. In this way, they are excluded from participating in some
economic activities reserved for permanent residents.
M.A. (Social Impact Assessment)