Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a significant global challenge impacting healthcare institutions, workplaces and governments alike. Despite concerted efforts by the government and numerous other institutions in South Africa, low vaccination rates persist (33% as of November 13, 2023), reflecting the persistence of this global challenge. This challenge is particularly pronounced in educational institutions such as Mpumalanga College of Nursing in South Africa, where many people converge, increasing the risk of viral exposure. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of healthcare workers (HCWs) at Mpumalanga College of Nursing regarding voluntary and mandatory COVID-19 vaccination. Employing a quantitative approach, a survey with closed-ended Likert-type questions was administered to 504 individuals at the College. The sample size of 218 respondents was calculated based on a margin of error of 5%, a confidence level of 95%, and an additional 25% contingency for potential incomplete data, resulting in a final representative sample of 270 respondents. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), developed by IBM in the United States, was used for the analysis and presentation of descriptive statistics. Findings indicate a high uptake of voluntary COVID-19 vaccinations among HCWs, with some being mandated. Most HCWs demonstrated a strong commitment to safeguarding themselves and others. Most HCWs demonstrated a strong commitment to safeguarding themselves and others. Remarkably, despite concerns, the vaccine proved effective, with vaccinated individuals showing minimal infection rates, underscoring its efficacy in preventing transmission. Effective communication emerged as a critical factor in addressing post-vaccination behaviours and enhancing vaccine acceptance. However, our findings also highlighted the need for tailored outreach strategies to specific audiences, such as pregnant women, and the importance of addressing concerns about adverse effects through clear and open communication. The study identified factors influencing the choice between mandatory and voluntary vaccination, including eligibility concerns, religious convictions, and financial considerations. Notably, concerns about safety and knowledge deficits outweighed these factors, suggesting the need for targeted educational initiatives to bolster vaccine acceptance. In conclusion, our study offers valuable insights into the dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among HCWs at Mpumalanga College of Nursing. By addressing concerns, enhancing communication strategies, and tailoring outreach efforts, vaccination efforts can be strengthened to promote public health in light of future outbreaks.