Abstract
This study assessed the potential of bio-digital symbiosis as a means to enhance climate resilience in the South African construction industry. As the country faces increasing environmental challenges, there is a growing need for innovative approaches that integrate biological systems with digital technologies to promote sustainable development in the built environment. Despite this potential, little was known about the industry's readiness to adopt such innovations. This led to the four key research questions: What is the level of awareness of bio-digital symbiosis in the South African construction industry? What are the barriers to its adoption for climate resilience? What are the benefits of its adoption? And what measures are needed to support its integration? To address these questions, the study adopted the Delphi method, involving two rounds of expert consultation with twelve professionals selected based on their professional experience, academic qualifications, and involvement in the construction sector. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and responses were analysed using statistical measures including median, interquartile deviation (IQD), mean, and standard deviation (SD) to determine the level of consensus among experts. Frequency analysis was also used to assess expert background and perceptions regarding the potential and adoption timeline of bio-digital symbiosis in the local sector. Findings revealed that awareness of bio-digital innovations varied, with stronger familiarity around well-publicised technologies like smart bio-receptive facades and AI-optimised green roofs, while lesser-known innovations received lower ratings. Key barriers identified included resistance to change, uncertainty around return on investment, regulatory challenges, and limited industry awareness. However, the benefits of adoption were widely recognised, with experts highlighting enhanced sustainability, improved efficiency, and socio-economic gains. Measures such as establishing regulatory frameworks, promoting circular economy principles, investing in technical training, and supporting pilot projects were strongly recommended to facilitate adoption within the sector. The study concluded that bio-digital symbiosis holds significant potential to support climate resilience in the South African construction industry but requires coordinated action to overcome institutional and knowledge-based barriers. The study contributes to local knowledge by offering context-specific insights for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers. It also provides a foundation for informed decision-making in policy and practice. Future studies should explore real-world implementation through pilot projects, broaden stakeholder engagement, and examine regional differences in readiness and capacity.