Abstract
M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
The object of this study was to compare two chiropractic treatment approaches to each other in the management of migraine without aura. It was hypothesised that a combination of upper cervical and upper thoracic chiropractic manipulative therapy would be more effective than upper cervical chiropractic manipulative therapy alone.
Migraine without aura was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Headache Society (1988) and based on a structured case history, physical examination as well as regional orthopaedic and neurological examinations. Forty-one (41) subjects were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups in this single blind, randomised trial. Thirty-three patients completed the trial. Both groups received their respective chiropractic manipulative treatments twice a week for a total period of four weeks. During this time and a period of eight weeks thereafter, each patient kept a daily headache diary, noting migraine frequency, duration, headache intensity and associated analgesic pill consumption. Statistical analysis of the collected data involved inter-group comparisons of the above mentioned variables using Mann-Whitney Rank Sum tests, and intra-group comparisons of the above. mentioned variables using Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests at a 95% level of confidence. Intra-group analysis of the data revealed statistically significant (P < 0.05) decreases in migraine frequency and headache intensity for both groups. Migraine duration followed a similar pattern but for a sudden increase in duration in the third month for the group receiving a combination of upper cervical and upper thoracic chiropractic manipulative therapy. Inter-group analysis of the data established no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the two treatment groups before or during the study. Throughout the study, there was a notable difference in average analgesic pill consumption between the two groups. The results indicate that both chiropractic manipulative therapy approaches had positive effects on the frequency, duration and headache intensity of migraines without aura. The effect of chiropractic manipulative therapy on the associated analgesic pill consumption is
speculative, since there was no pre-treatment assessment of analgesic pill consumption. The sudden increase in migraine duration during the third month for the group that received both upper cervical and upper thoracic manipulation may be due to this treatment being less effective than upper cervical manipulation alone. The significance of this sudden increase will need to be established by future studies. Neither one of the two chiropractic treatment protocols applied in this study fared significantly better than the other. It is suggested that future studies consider any disability associated with migraines without aura. A pre-treatment trial period would provide reliable pre-treatment statistics for the variables investigated during such a trial and larger samples would represent the overall migraineur population better. It is suggested that a third group, receiving only chiropractic manipulative therapy to the upper thoracic spine, also be included.