Abstract
Ph.D. (Economics)
Until 1946 economists paid little attention to regional
development. Economic development was mainly viewed in a
national context. Even since the Second World War there remain
important differences of opinion among economists on regional
development theories. The aim of this study was first of all
to make an analysis of the various theories. Secondly the
instruments and results of decentralisation policies in Western
Europe and Southern Africa during the period 1960 to 1980 were
researched and discussed. The third aim was to discuss the
term "Export Processing Zone".and to research the application
thereof in various countries. Fourthly, the Gross Geographic
Product and economically active popUlation of nine regions in
Southern Africa were analised. Lastly the regional development
strategies including the possible application of Export
Processing Zones in Southern Africa were discussed in the light
of the urgent need for employment creation - especially for
Black workers.
In the discussion of various regional development theories
mention was made of the important role of technology,
productivity, domestic and international price levels in
addition to capital and labour for the optimum development of
regions. Therefore the process of Cumulative Causation
combined with export led development are important factors for a
successful development strategy.