Abstract
The aim of this research study was to elicit risk and protective factors associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in vulnerable adolescent learners. The results were used to formulate a TBI support programme. A qualitative approach, using multiple case studies, was used to obtain rich insights into the phenomenon of TBI in the context of vulnerability. Ten vulnerable adolescent learners from areas of South Africa, who sustained TBI in pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents, were selected as participants. Multiple data sources were used to build a profile of these learners. Findings revealed pedestrian negligence and inadequate law enforcement as causes of TBI. Risk and protective factors emerged as psychological, educational and social. Low selfconcept, anxiety, depression, anger and aggression contributed to risk. Cognitive struggles, ineffective support structures at school, stigmatisation of TBI at school and a negative school climate were also identified. Findings also revealed that absent fathers, a low quality of the home environment, inadequate medical support in the community and weak spiritual, religious and cultural affiliations were risk factors Protective factors were self - efficacy, an optimistic outlook and effective coping mechanisms. The effective structures of school support, responsive parenting, social capital, belief system and strategic use of community resources were also elicited as protective factors. Based on the findings, practical guidelines and suggestions for support were formulated into a support programme for vulnerable adolescent learners diagnosed with TBI which may have global value with modifications in different contexts.
Ph.D. (Educational Psychology)