Abstract
This study focused on exploring indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) and their role in sustainable small business practices. The scope of types of IKS is wide so this study specifically explored the Tshivenda IKS and its role in promoting sustainable business practices within Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) owned by Tshivenda-speaking people, with particular reference to SMEs operating under Musina Local municipality (Limpopo-South Africa) and Beitbridge District (Matabeleland - Zimbabwe). Given that the study focused on Tshivenda IKS, the two locations were selected as they house Tshivenda-speaking people.
This research sought to investigate Tshivenda IKS practised within SMEs owned by Vhavenda people and how Tshivenda IKS can be used by SMEs to promote sustainable business practices. In addition to reviewing existing literature on IKS, it was this study’s objective to propose a theoretical framework that shows the link between Tshivenda IKS and business sustainability and the proposed conceptual framework is titled “Framework for enhancing business sustainability through Tshivenda IKS”. A qualitative methodological design was adopted in this study, a grounded theory approach was applied, and theoretical sampling was initially employed. Data collection happened in three stages: The first stage of data collection was the collection of secondary data through literature review, and the second stage was the collection of primary data through the Delphi technique. A total of three rounds were circulated to six experts who participated in the Delphi technique. The last stage of data collection, also primary data, was using one-on-one- telephonic interviews with a total of 12 participants.
The study found that Tshivenda IKS practised within SMEs was mostly limited to ubuntu leadership style as well as some form of organic farming. Moreover, due to production and other challenges, the study found that a hybrid approach was more prevalent among SMEs. SMEs also indicated the need for a balance between the use of IKS and Western science. More importantly, the study found that there are fears of eradication of IKS due to continuous changes within the external environment. Partnerships, IKS champion appointment and strategy development are some of the recommendations provided to SMEs to ensure sustainable business practices.