Abstract
D.Phil.
Orientation: The focus of this study is on the work-based identity construct. This study’s context is the South African multi-cultural and diverse work environment where different racial and cultural identities meet. South Africa’s transition into democracy requires a revised way of perceiving identity, particularly in the workplace. A revised way of viewing identity may be found in understanding work-based identity. Work-based identity is a multi-identity, multi-faceted, and multi-layered construction of the self. Its multi-faceted nature can be understood using three different dimensions, namely a structural, social, and individual-psychological, which influence the identity formation process.
The structural dimension is the historical, legislative, national, and culturally embedded context in which individuals find themselves, and which influences identity formation. The social dimension refers to the social interaction that individuals engage in with other individuals. Career, occupational, and professional identity and organisational identification are the work-based identity facets that fall under this dimension. The individual-psychological dimension focuses on the individual’s personal identity orientation. Work centrality, job involvement, and person-
organisation fit fall under this dimension. Work-based identity influences the way individuals behave in their work. It is developed as a result of the interplay between an individual’s personal resources and work processes. Work processes include work characteristics, which are job demands and job resources.
Research purpose: As part of a larger work-based identity project, the primary objective of this study was to investigate whether job demands and job resources could serve as possible predictors of work-based identity. The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model was used as the predictive model to account for both job demands and job resources in the prediction of work-based identity. Job demands were comprised of overload, job insecurity, and work-family conflict. Growth opportunities, organisational support, advancement, task identity, perceived external prestige, and team climate constituted the job resources. The possibility of non-linear relationships between job demands and work-based identity, and between job resources and work-based identity was also investigated. The possible mediation effects of job demands on the relationship between job resources and work-based identity was also assessed. Furthermore, the moderating effects of the biographical variables race, age, and gender on the relationships of each job demand and job resource with work-based identity were assessed. Lastly, the moderating effects of the demographic variables academic qualification, marital status, job level, medical fund, and work region on the relationship of each job demand and job resource with work-based identity were also assessed.
Research design: A cross-sectional field survey design was used for this study. In addition, a census-based approach was utilised, where everyone in the target population (employees of a large South African Information and Communication Technology (ICT) company) had an equal opportunity to participate in the study. The target population of 23 134 employees yielded a sample of 2 429 (a response rate of about 11%). The Job Demands-Resources Scale (JDRS) was used to measure the job demands and job resources, except work-family conflict, perceived external prestige, task identity, and team climate. A Work-Family Scale, Perceived External Prestige Scale, Task Identity Scale, and Team Climate Scale were sourced and adapted to measure these constructs. Furthermore, a Work-based Identity Scale was developed for this study,