Abstract
D.Phil. (Chemistry)
Elimination of toxic organic compounds from wastewater is currently one of the most important subjects in water-pollution control. Among the many organic pollutants are dyes and emerging pollutants such as natural organic matter (NOM). Dyes such as Eosin Yellow (EY), an anionic xanthene fluorescent dye, can originate from many sources such as textile industrial processes, paper pulp industries and agricultural processes. Most dyes are problematic because they are resistant to conventional chemical or biological water-treatment methods and therefore persist in the environment. NOM consists of a highly variable mixture of products found in water and soils. NOM is formed as a result of the decomposition of plant and animal material and is a precursor to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBP) during water disinfection. These organic compounds cause undesirable colour, taste and odour in water. NOM affects the capacity of other treatment processes to effectively remove organic micro-pollutants or inorganic species that may be present in the water. Its removal also uses up chemicals and energy and so it is expensive to treat.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has emerged as one of the most fascinating materials in the modern era due to its semiconducting and catalytic properties. TiO2 is a large band-gap semiconductor that exists mainly in the anatase (band gap 3.2 eV) and rutile (band gap 3.0 eV) phases. Its response to UV light has led to increased interest in its application in the photocatalysis research field. It has been investigated extensively for its super hydrophilicity and use in environmental remediation and solar fuel production. In spite of extensive efforts to apply TiO2 for environmental remediation, photocatalytic activity in the visible region has remained quite low hence the ultimate goal of this research was to fabricate highly photoactive catalysts composed of non-metal, platinum-group metal (PGM) co-doped TiO2 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and to apply them for water purification using solar radiation...