Abstract
Over the decades, heterogeneous catalysis has made significant strides in terms of scope and efficiency in a wide variety of catalytic reactions. Catalytic reactions are regarded as an essential tool for large-scale organic processes. Carbonylation reactions, in particular, have developed into one of the most straightforward methods for synthesizing aldehydes, ketones, and esters, which have found use in medicine, academia, and the chemical industry. Typically, laboratory and industrial-scale chemical processes are developed to suit human requirements. Recent research on these chemical processes has concentrated on achieving their goals via the use of homogeneous catalytic systems. However, the preparation of these homogeneous catalysts has several disadvantages, such as severe reaction conditions (high temperatures/pressures), prolonged reaction times, and deactivation problems during product separation and reusability. Thus, developing new catalytic systems that bypass these issues is critical, resulting in an eco-friendly and sustainable process. Metal nanoparticles, in particular, have led to more competitive, alternative strategies and highly innovative discoveries, laying the foundation for various catalytic transformations. Additionally, a new age of nanoparticles-based catalysts has paved the way for carbonylative and redox reactions...
Ph.D. (Chemistry)