Abstract
Lo mbhalo uhlole ukuthi izigaba ezahlukene zabafundi besigaba esiyisisekelo ziqhube kanjani ekuHlolweni kokuFunda kwamaBanga Aqalayo eBangeni loku-1 (EGRA). Ukwenza kanye nokucabangisisa kothisha babo kufakiwe nasekufuneni ukuqonda ukukwazi ukufunda emaklasini okufunda ngolimi lwesiZulu. Inhloso yocwaningo bekuwukubamba ikhono labafundi lokufunda nokuthi othisha bawenze futhi bawukhombisa kanjani umsebenzi wabo wokufundisa ukufunda okokuqala ngolimi lwesiZulu. Ucwaningo lugqugquzelwe ukukhathazeka komcwaningi ngomsebenzi wokuhlolwa kwabafundi baseNingizimu Afrika kumazwe ngamazwe, ezifundeni kanye nasezindaweni eziseduze nabo. Isitatimende sombhalo wocwaningo sasiwukuthi izingane ezijwayelekile, ezifundiswa ochwepheshe abanolwazi abaziyo ukuthi kungani befundisa ngendlela ethile nabasebenzisa ulwazi lwabo oluyisisekelo lwesayensi yokufunda zinethuba elingcono lokukwazi ukufunda ngempumelelo.
Ukusuka kuhlaka lwethiyori (nomqondo) embaxambili njengendlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ngokunqamlela nokuthatha izinqumo ngokushesha (heuristic), umbhalo uncengela amathiyori okufunda okokuqala usizo, kanye nezinhlelo ‘zokubuka’ iklasi lokufunda esigabeni esiyisisekelo. Uhlaka lokuhlola ukuqondwa kokufunda lukhombisa ukugamanxa kokufunda ukuze kuvele okufihlakele ngezimpawu zemisindo, uma ngaso leso sikhathi kubuywe kuthuthukiswa ulwazi lwesilulumagama kanye nokwakheka kohlelo lolimi. Okokuqala izisekelo zethiyori zocwaningo, "Izingxenye Zomqondo Zokufunda ukufunda" (Tunmer & Hoover, 2019), okwesibili, "Ithiyori Yomsebenzi kanye Noguquko Lomuntu Ngamunye Nomphakathi" (Engeström, 1999), ithiyori efakelwe ukuqondwa kokuthile ngengqikithi yemfundo kulabo ababambe iqhaza.
Imibhalo emayelana nokufundiswa kokufunda okokuqala kanye nesayensi yamanje yokuthi abantu bafunda kanjani, ibeka imvelaphi yolwazi lokufunda, ixoxisane ngemibono evela ezifundweni zokuziphatha kanye nolunye ucwaningo lwenqubo yokukhiqiza izithombe ngokusebenza kobuchopho (neuroimaging). Esahlukweni esiqukethe ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezifanele, uhlaka olumbaxambili lwandiswe ngokubandakanya uhla lwezihloko, kusukela emibonweni yokuthi kuyini ukufunda okokuqala kanye nendlela yokufundisa, emisebenzini yokuqonda yenkumbulo
ISIFINYEZO
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esebenzayo yomuntu ekubhaleni ngekhodi, ekugcineni kanye nasekubuyiseni ulwazi. Iningi lezifundo ezimayelana nokufunda okokuqala ngesiZulu, kanye nemfundo yothisha kwezokufundisa, kufakiwe nakho esahlukweni semibhalo.
Umklamo wocwaningo uncike ezinsikeni ezintathu okuyisivivinyo se-EGRA, esasetshenziswa ukuhlola abafundi abangama-263 abaqokwe ngokungahleliwe ukusuka eBangeni 1–3 ngokuphambana kwezigaba, kanye nokwethembeka kwemiphumela yezingxoxo nothisha kanye nokubhekwa kwezifundo esikhathini esingamasonto ayisithupha ngowezi-2019. Umklamo, ongachazwa njengesibonelo sendlela exubile, uhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwesilulumagama somlomo/sokulalela sabafundi beBanga R kanye namakhono okulalela, athathwa njengesisekelo sokufunda ukuveza okufihlakele olimini olulotshiwe.
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yophenyo, isiphetho siwukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nolwazi oluseqophelweni ndawonye kudinga ukunakwa ngochwepheshe kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo. Umcwaningi uphendule ngokuphakamisa isifanekiso sokufunda okokuqala ngesiZulu esikoleni lapho enze khona ucwaningo. Imigomo yomklamo wesifanekiso ivela kulokho okutholwe ocwaningweni futhi ikhishwe olwazini oluhlaziyiwe.
Lolu cwaningo luphinde lwaba negalelo emkhakheni wokufunda okusekuqaleni okuphenywa ngokuqhubekayo nguMnyango Wemfundo Eyisisekelo futhi, njengeminye imibuzo, lolu luyingxenye yocwaningo oluyizingxenye ezahlukene olwenziwe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Khona kanye nezifundo Zokufunda KwamaBanga Aqalayo (EGRS I kanye ne-EGRS II), izifundo zezindaba ezehlukene zengeza imininingwane emincane engahle igejwe ezifundweni ezinkulu.