Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are defined as a group of disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its musculature (Durham and Wassel, 2011). The treatment of degenerative changes in TMJ disc and TMD is challenging with no permanent solution. The population of fibroblasts and chondrocytes in TMJ disc has provided a hope to treat this disorder using modern techniques (Mäenpää et al., 2010). Photobiomodulation and stem cell therapy have emerged as novel treatments for TMD and degenerative changes of the TMJ disc (Zhu Xu et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2015). ADSCs have been proven to have the capacity to differentiate into many cell types and tissues (Mazini 2019). Research has shown that photobiomodulation increases stem cell proliferation (Mvula et al., 2010; Mvula and Abrahamse, 2014). Stem cell therapy has been used in an attempt to replace degenerative TMJ disc cells (Zhang et al., 2015). However, despite significant improvements in the search for new treatments to improve TMDs, conclusive evidence of possible treatment regimes for degeneration of the TMJ disc remains to be discovered...
D.Tech. (Biomedical Technology)