Abstract
Through a feminist lens, this thesis challenges traditional versions of atonement arguing that, because these are based upon the notion of original sin and not original blessing, they are violent and promote hegemonic societal structures and genderbased violence, which is unacceptable for church and society. This thesis has sympathy for the feminist/womanist/African feminist rejection of traditional atonement due to its damaging effects upon women/the poor. Yet it argues that feminists/womanists/African feminists fail to produce an acceptable alternative notion of atonement. In founding their atonement models upon the category of women’s experience, what results is a flawed Abelardian subjective view that is missing a vital objective aspect. This thesis argues for an alternative version of the tradition that excludes the notion of original sin and is based instead on a different understanding of creation, sin, Christology and imago Dei, and a notion of atonement that is incarnational and nonviolent in nature. The thesis develops an atonement notion that pivots upon the Logos assuming flesh, thereby imparting his redeeming Spirit into humankind and thus drawing humankind into God. This notion of salvation in Christ avoids the damaging forensic perspectives contained within traditional atonement where the God-man is sent by the Father to pay the debt of guilty humankind. Linked with an incarnational atonement notion is a Trinitarian notion of imago Dei which emphasises loving relationship and is thus a call to participation in kingdom living in the now. When a Trinitarian notion of imago Dei is linked with the sociocultural theory of ubuntu, this thesis argues that this powerful connection becomes hugely relevant for South Africa and current major issues regarding gender-based violence and xenophobia.
D.Litt. et Phil. (Religion Studies)