Abstract
The construction industry significantly contributes to global carbon emissions due to its high energy consumption and substantial greenhouse gas output. Modern methods of construction (MMC) offer opportunities to reduce environmental impacts, yet a critical gap remains in translating innovative strategies into scalable, measurable, and context-specific outcomes. This study develops a framework to guide carbon emission mitigation within the MMC domain, incorporating insights from advanced technologies, lifecycle assessments, and policy mechanisms. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review, including case studies, the paper explores MMC techniques' carbon reduction potential, such as modular construction and 3D printing, across various stages of the building lifecycle. The study presents key insights into the synergies between design optimization, material efficiency, and renewable energy integration in construction processes. Additionally, it identifies the enablers and barriers to adopting MMC in both developed and developing contexts, providing pathways to scale innovative solutions globally. The findings offer actionable recommendations for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers, contributing to advancing sustainable construction practices and global climate goals.